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Paul Sparks - Online English Lesson Plans, Lesson Material and Ideas for Oral English Lessons, Hunan University of Science and Technology...

 

 

ORAL ENGLISH: Euphemisms


Lessons Objectives: The students will learn the words "euphemism" and "taboo" and why we use euphemisms in English.

 

Source of Information: http://iteslj.org/Lessons/Alkire-Euphemisms.html


Introduction: English, like all languages, has subjects that can be difficult to talk about, because the original words for these subjects can offend, disturb, or embarrass the person one is addressing. For these subjects we use words called euphemisms, which are "softer" words than the original words. For example, mention that death is often talked about with euphemisms such as pass away, pass on, go to heaven, etc.

 

Words such as poor, fat, and old are often euphemised in English. Students will be asked if they know any euphemisms for them. (Possible answers might be, respectively, low-income, working class, modest; overweight, stout, portly, husky; senior, mature, traditional.)

Task: "translate" each of the following sentences into clear, straightforward English. 

 

  • His grandfather passed away.

  • My father is between jobs but has two interviews today.

  • The peace officer apprehended the sanitation man for speeding.

  • The sales associate answered in the affirmative when the judge asked him if he had ever been incarcerated.

  • The manager complained to his administrative assistant of inventory shrinkage.

  • Our son is a special child.

  • Dan's supervisor laid him off because he was unmotivated.

 

Glossary of Words and Their Euphemisms

 

Word

Euphemism

accident, crisis, disaster

incident

addict; addiction

substance abuser; substance abuse, chemical dependency

adulterous

extramarital

arrest (v)

apprehend

beggar

panhandler, homeless person

bombing

air support

break-in

security breach

brothel

massage parlor

cheap

frugal, thrifty, economical

coffin

casket

complaint form

response form

confinement

detention

criminal (adj)

illegal

criminal (young)

juvenile delinquent

crippled

disabled, physically challenged

custodian

building maintenance staff

dead

departed, deceased, late, lost, gone, passed

death insurance

life insurance

death penalty

capital punishment

death

demise, end, destination, better world, afterlife

deaths

body count

die

pass away, pass on, expire, go to heaven

drug addict

substance abuser

drugs

illegal substances

drunk (adj)

intoxicated, inebriated, tipsy

exploit (land)

develop

fail

fizzle out, fall short, go out of business

false (adj)

prosthesis

false teeth

dentures

fat

overweight, chubby, portly, stout, plump

fire (v)

lay off, release, downsize, let go, streamline, rightsize

garbage collector

sanitation person

garbage dump

landfill

genocide

ethnic cleansing

hyperactive

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

illegal worker

undocumented worker

imprisoned

incarcerated

informer

confidential source

jail

secure facility

jungle

rain forest

juvenile delinquent

problem child, at-risk child

kill

put down/away/out/to sleep

kill on a mass basis

liquidate

killing of innocents

collateral damage

lawyer

attorney

lazy

unmotivated

lie (n)

fib, fabrication, cover story, story, untruth, inaccuracy

make love

sleep with

money

funds

mortuary

funeral home/parlor

multi-racial

diverse

murder

hit, kill, do someone in, finish off someone

noisy

boisterous

office equipment

productivity products

old

mature, distinguished, senior, traditional, seasoned, new (e.g., "The house is two years new")

old age

golden age, golden years

old person

senior citizen, pensioner

old persons' home

convalescent hospital, retirement home, rest home, nursing home

one-room apartment

studio apartment, efficiency

pay (n)

remuneration, salary

person

representative, individual

perspire, perspiration

sweat

police officer

peace officer

poor children

at-risk children

poor nation

emerging nation, developing nation, third-world nation

poor student

underachiever, underperformer

poor

low-income, working class, modest, underprivileged

power failure

service interruption

prison

correctional facility

prisoner

inmate, convict, detainee

problem

issue, challenge, complication

rain, snow, hail

precipitation

remedial education

special education

removed from duty

put on administrative leave

repression (social, political)

law and order

retarded

special, slow, mentally challenged

rough

physical

rude

self-centered

sales

marketing

salesman, -woman

sales associate

say

indicate, disclose, mention

school

institute

secretary

administrative assistant

selfish

self-centered

sexual intercourse

sleep with, make love

sexual relations (illicit)

liaison

sexual relationship

involvement, intimate relationship, affair

sick

indisposed, ill, under the weather

small

quaint, cozy, petite

software product

solution

solve

resolve

spy (n)

source of information, agent

spying

surveillance

steal

appropriate, salvage, lift, borrow

stupid

slow

suicide (to commit)

to end it all, take the easy way out, do oneself in

surprise attack

preemptive strike

sweat (v)

perspire

talk (v, n)

converse (v), conversation (n)

teacher

educator

theft

inventory shrinkage

tip (n)

gratuity

toilet

john, WC, men's room, restroom, bathroom, washroom, lavatory

totalitarian

authoritarian

tramp

homeless person

ugly

unattractive, modest, plain

underwear (women's)

lingerie

unemployed

between jobs, taking time off

unreserved seating

general admission, festival seating

used

previously owned, pre-owned, refurbished, second-hand

vagrant

homeless person

venereal disease

social disease

victim

casualty

wrong

improper, questionable, impropriety (n)

 

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